Branch circuits are undoubtedly the most commonly installed circuits in both residential and non-residential applications. And, since they supply the equipment that utilizes the electricity, they are ...

Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

Current conveyor (CC) circuits are among the most common current-mode circuits and are used as critical building blocks in a variety of complex circuits. Unlike voltage-mode circuits, current-mode ...

Reverse polarity is one of the most common causes of circuit failure, from hobby projects to industrial systems. The good news is that a well-designed reverse polarity protection using MOSFET ...

Inverter-driven HVAC systems deliver 30–50% energy savings — but their sensitive electronics are highly vulnerable to voltage ...

What are HVICs? High-voltage integrated circuits (HVICs) translate low-voltage control signals to levels that are suitable for driving power switches in high-voltage applications. HVICs also can ...

It has long been known that the simple combination of a depletion-mode MOSFET (and before these were available, a JFET) and a resistor made a simple, serviceable current source such as that seen on ...

At one time a relatively infrequent occurrence, voltage drop is now a major impediment to reliability at advanced nodes. Decades ago, voltage drop was only an issue for very large and high-speed ...

What distinguishes a medium voltage circuit breaker from other types is not the enclosure or operating mechanism, but the method of arc extinction. The interruption medium governs arc energy, ...