This paper discusses how cross-sectional and longitudinal models of budgeting are complementary but distinct. A number of concepts are appropriate to both, yet the substantive meaning of a concept may ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract The choice among a longitudinal, mixed longitudinal, or cross-sectional design is often called for in educational and psychological research.

Discover how longitudinal data helps analyze financial trends, business risks, and economic changes with repeated observations of the same subjects over time.