We have always had programmable analog circuits. Any circuit that makes outputs change as a function of inputs is in some way programmable. Examples include gain change as a function of voltage or ...

In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

Today, we are surrounded by digital electronics. Devices that work with analog electronics are very rare. Computers, telephones, cameras, CD players, printers, radios, and TVs all operate with digital ...