In a world of digital electronics, there are still necessary functions for analog circuits, especially filters. When real-world signals are digitized or synthesized, for example, analog filters are ...

Analog filters implemented in CMOS technology continue to be a cornerstone in the development of modern electronic systems. By integrating active components such as operational transconductance ...

One of the major difficulties in studying electricity, especially when compared to many other physical phenomena, is that it cannot be observed directly by human senses. We can manipulate it to ...

Sometimes things just don’t make sense! For instance, your RC filter or amplifier’s lowpass filter at the input of a delta-sigma ADC can produce a noisier digital output. Didn’t you design the filter ...

This analytical and graphical technique allows engineers to determine, in closed form, the output of an RC filter driven by a PWM pulse train. It is based on the principle that current and voltage ...

This article is part of the Ideas for Design Series: Vol. 3, No. 9. Many communications and sensor applications require a bandpass filter with wide bandwidth. This filter typically requires precision ...