Most solid materials we rely on, from steel, to plastics and ceramics, are designed to have specific properties. Whether a material is soft and flexible, or stiff and tough depends on how molecules ...

AT the annual meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute last year, Dr. Westgren presented a paper on some X-ray crystallographic investigations on iron and steel. At that time the photograms on which ...

Max-Planck and Fraunhofer ILT create the hard-yet-tough "sword steel" crystal structure; suited to various applications in industry. Damascene conversion: composite material with metal layers of ...

UB chemist Jason Benedict and his team spent years developing photoswitchable crystals. Every crystal’s shape is a mirror of the internal arrangement of their molecules, but the molecules in ...

Every crystal's shape is a mirror of the internal arrangement of its molecules, but the molecules in photoswitchable crystals can expand, twist and change properties—from their color to their ...